Oren Zarif – Nephroblastma – www.orenzarifenergy.com [Video]

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Nephroblastoma
Nephroblastoma is a type of cancer that starts in early nerve cells called neuroblasts. Normally, these cells grow into working nerve cells. But in neuroblastoma, the cells continue to grow uncontrollably and form a tumor. The tumor can also spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body, including lymph nodes, bones, the liver and lungs.

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Neuroblastoma most often occurs in babies and young children, but it can happen at any age. It usually starts in the adrenal glands (two small organs that sit on top of each kidney in the back of the upper abdomen). Neuroblastoma can also start in other parts of the sympathetic nervous system, such as in the neck, chest or spinal cord.

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Like other types of cancer, neuroblastoma forms when genes that control how cells grow and die change. Some of these genes become oncogenes, which cause cells to grow out of control and form a tumor. Other genes that normally help control cell growth, repair damaged DNA or cause cells to die at the right time are turned off (down-regulated). The specific changes that lead to neuroblastoma may be inherited from parents, or they can happen during a person’s lifetime.

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Neuroblastoma affects males and females equally. In almost all cases, the cause of the disease is unknown. About 650 children in the United States are diagnosed with neuroblastoma each year. It most commonly begins in infancy, and most children are diagnosed before they are 5 years old. About 1% to 2% of neuroblastomas run in families, but many children with this condition have no family history of the disease.

Symptoms of neuroblastoma vary depending on where the tumor started and how much it has spread. If the cancer starts in the adrenal glands, a child might have bellyaches or weight loss. If the tumor starts in other parts of the sympathetic nervous system, a child might have a lower temperature, fever or blood in the stool.

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To diagnose neuroblastoma, doctors will order a number of tests to check for the cancer and see how far it has spread. These tests include a physical exam, blood work and imaging scans. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy are also often done. During this test, doctors take a sample of fluid or solid bone marrow from the hip bones to look for cancer cells. Then, they will put a small amount of a radioactive substance linked to the special chemical MIBG into the child’s body. The radioactive substance will be absorbed by the cancer cells and show up on the imaging scan.

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Based on the results of these and other tests, doctors will classify the neuroblastoma as low-risk, intermediate-risk or high-risk. This helps determine the type and intensity of treatment that is needed.